ඞlang
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- Not to be confused with ඞ
ඞlang is the first esolang made by User:Yes and was made in 2022
Commands
Any command, including emptyness prints "ඞ"
Examples
Weird thing
User:Cinnamony posted a program on the language's talk page.
It is supposed to print "among us", even though the specification says otherwise:
vcbvnbmn,.mnbvxdfghjklkjfdxzsdfgxzsdghn bvxdgryhujkby5gfn8toiecybdv tcfy9eoihjgvfgweoiscrkybfsexidrkjnmxfhcbgsycirxjdbctxhgcdyrix
(*currently not compatible with any interpeters)
Quine
ඞ
Interpeters
Reqiurements
Interpreters must get input or ask for "src" when started. Then they MUST print ඞ (or a substitute) to the screen
Batch
@echo off set /p input=src: echo ඞ echo Program Ended pause
Combinatory logic / Lazy-K
In combinators, with Lazy-K style IO, for a Lazy-K interpreter which recognises the standard D, U, M, B, O, T, E, R combinators in addition to SKI. Is valid Lazy-K when reduced to SKI basis.
((SUS)(IDK))( ((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))((BKI)( ((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK))))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)(((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK))))))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((SUS)(BKI))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)(((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK))))))) ))) (((SUS)(IDK))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))((BKI)( (((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)(((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK))))))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))((SUS)(BKI))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)(((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((SUS)(BKI)))))))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((SUS)(BKI))))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))(((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))))))) ))) (((SUS)(IDK))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((SUS)(BKI))((BKI)( (((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)(((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)(((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))((SUS)(BKI)))))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)(((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))((SUS)(BKI))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))((BKI)(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))((SUS)(BKI))))))))) ))) ((BKI)((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))(((SUS)(IDK))( ((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)(((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))((SUS)(BKI))))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))(((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((SUS)(BKI))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((BKI)(((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))((SUS)(IDK)))((SUS)(BKI))))) )))(((SUS)(IDK))( ((SUS)(IDK))((((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((SUS)(BKI))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))((((SUS)(IDK))(BKI)(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))((SUS)(BKI))((SUS)((SUS)(IDK)))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((BKI)((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS))(((SUS)(IDK))(((SUS)(IDK))((SUS)(IDK))(IMBOSTER)(IS)(SUS)))(BKI))((SUS)(BKI))))) )))))))))
Esme
|
| ඞlang interpreter in ESME
|
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEE
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEE
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EE
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EE
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEE
EEEEEEEEEEEE EE EEEEEEEEE
EEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
EEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
EE EEE EE
EE EEEEE EEEE EEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
EE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
EE EEEEEE EEEEE
EE EEEE EEEEEEE
EE EEEE EEEEEEE
EE EEEEEEEEEEE
EE EE EEEEEEEEE
EE EEE EEEEEEEE
EE EEEEE EEEEEE
EE EEEEEEE EEEE
EE EEEEEEE EEEE
EE EEEEEEEE EEE
EEEEEE EEEEEEE
Ignores input from STDIN (or anywhere else).
Shortened Version:
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
Inputfish
ioඞ
Official interpeter
C# Interpreter
The C# Interpreter was made by User:SpaceByte.
using System;
namespace amointerp
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("dumb bingus enter ur src here: ");
Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("\n\nඞ");
while(true) { }
}
}
}
Lua Interpreter
By User:SpaceByte (yeah I made an interpreter twice, what are you gonna do about it) Code:
print("ENTER YOUR SOURCE CODE YOU IDOITED IDO")
io.read()
print("ඞ")
Scratch Interpreter
I made a third one, arguably the most chaotic. Link to Scratch
XENBLN interpreter
The switch -o must be used.
IÈδ9ε
LOLCODE Interpeter
HAI 1.4 CAN HAS STDIO? I HAS A source VISIBLE "Input your source code: "! GIMMEH source VISIBLE "" VISIBLE "ඞ"! KTHXBYE
Python 3 Interpeter
src = input("Please input the Source Code:")
print("ඞ")
You can reduce 1 byte with:
print((input("Please input the Source Code:"),"ඞ")[1])
You can reduce 14 bytes with:
while True:
input()
print("ඞ")
BizOffers Interpeter
Does not account for offers.
set 0 out i output string src: input out i output string à¶
Uyjhmn n Interpeter
DECLARE THE NEW VARIABLE S OPEN THE VARIABLE S PRINT THE CHARACTER WITH THE ASCII VALUE 115 PRINT THE CHARACTER WITH THE ASCII VALUE 114 PRINT THE CHARACTER WITH THE ASCII VALUE 99 PRINT THE CHARACTER WITH THE ASCII VALUE 58 GET INPUT AND STORE INTO OPEN VARIABLE AS A CHARACTER PRINT THE CHARACTER WITH THE ASCII VALUE 224 PRINT THE CHARACTER WITH THE ASCII VALUE 182 PRINT THE CHARACTER WITH THE ASCII VALUE 158 END THIS PROGRAM
bf Interpeter
++++++++++[>+>+++>+++++++>++++++++++<<<<-]>>>>+++++++++++++++.-.---------------.<------------.,>>>--->--->--->+>-->>--->++>>--->+>+>+[<+++[-<+++++++>]<+++[-<+++++++>]<+++[.>]<]
C++ Interpreter
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string src;
cout<<"Please input your source code.\n";
cin>>src;
cout<<"\nඞ";
return 0;
}
How to learn this language Interpreter
ioඞ
English Interpreter
This program gets input from the user, ignores it, and outputs "ඞ", without quotes.
AH'TALIQUAE ENGLISH Interpreter
START WITH 0.0 DECLARE A VARIABLE SRC AND SET ITS TYPE TO STRING INPUT SRC WITH "Please input your source code: " AS PROMPT OUTPUT "ඞ" WITHOUT NEWLINE THE END
C++20 Interpreter
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string a;
cin >> a;
cout << "ඞ";
return 0;
}
ඞ
ඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩ ඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩ ඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඞඩඞඩඞඩඞ ඩඞඩඞඩඞඩඞඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩ ඩඩඩඩඞඞඞඞඞඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩ ඩඩඩඩඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩඩඩඩ ඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඞඞඞඩඩඩඩඩඩ ඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩඞඩඩ ඞඩඩඞඩඩඩඞඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඞ ඩඩඩඞඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඩඞඩඩඩඬ
Microsoft Translate Think it said:
DDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDSDSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS DDDDDDDDDDAadDAadaaddaaddaadaadaa Dadddaaddaaddaaddaaddaaddaadaa Daddaaddaaddaaddaadaa Dadadaddaddaddaddaddadaaddaada Dadadaddaaddaaddaaddaaddaadaa Dadaddaddadaadaaddaadaad Dadadaddaadaadaadaadaadaad
Goshitasca Interpreter
9\f99fua99f\999f9\\\f99999f\999f9\999f\9
f\9
9\f99\f99\f99fuw9299;;;;;;;;
FfFFFffff!ks-=~~~k,,f,,,,,,,999200029 f0
F F F 0f
F
Fj 0c
cnosp9%+- i 0i99f\99\f99\f99\f99\f99\f99\f9
Java Interpreter
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
Scanner cin=new Scanner(System.in);
String src=cin.nextLine;
System.out.println("ඞ");
}
}
Eureka!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Eureka!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Txet Interpreter
iꑕdඞ`ඞ
Satarcrimp Interpreter
u(W){%)WK%)VWK*#)_F$*)]9}WP(C+R_W|P(CROW_I(#RCJ)(WROPjuP(WR*SEIJR(CSHERI(SSEOURI*RHlihlehrluciwUO$SHUyo8i;ljp9wo7ypilwu$VOW$vt
WI(*OVJUWP#OUChlkhirj;ogrjuy89eupio4tuy8o4tpuy4ojp4uyp8toyh89VJUW$(TPIWP$VIWPO;ujo;rljgml/sk,;gwe,k/ltviPW$IJVP(WO$HUL
OW$TUAS$k
WUP*O#%PJUW$(I%J9pup5o87586487puokiwlvrlsid
lgfujpoilUEO$(I^BMPE($i0'[k]0by9-b9\=lb=9k-4ib WIB
W$
b[ iw
04[bw40[bl6W4;oj[oi jpojp9 jpo' ko; kopuWPO$*%YVW*%OBWJ#"%poknuow;#KVw
]9tw
_MW{kti pobu t
0vw[4INT)
W{I4vt0
w[nit
w0[MT)W
{
)T{W$K
0t[w48mw0
MI0
ms0[MEIW)miWE)TMIWE)tmiW)
{ iv
w40i 5v
oW$mj5v
opw4u
v9pw4u o
WJTO:V
SJT
{WM4ivtw4 us0
[ j0s
[r，iNumsoTSNU Fu8yo8yuOW*:YTP(W#NCOW(#IRKYWKHRJW 114514 OIMAUET:OEMJ:LVJW$SIEnjonhto8iHYSR:OG
{W<#B
TP{W$I{%0i40[ i{W)
$EB$
B^E$j
; g
j onE*UTSE(UJTpohjnpo9jesuti
seitp[
[VI
{WInkwmPOW
{Tuw[tvUM
WP(U
W
MROG:RIP:EOL"YIi7jok[hgtoisukhfiurnisn5u5opoo4yuu44u6puop43upo6uop46puo643463uo46oup46oup4ou6pmr;libvhownlvSM$EV
[
pW$ITW$W$U%IWV$MHYE%
Chinese Interpreter
定义 command 为 字符串 读入 command，提示为 "src:" 打印 "[Unicode为U+0D9E的字符]"
Standard modern vernacular Interpreter
定义字符串变量 SRC 。 以"请输入源代码："读入 SRC 。 输出"ඞ"。
dongbei Interpreter
你吱声(“Input the source code: ”)。 嘀咕：“ඞ”。
Cantonese Interpreter
問； 話｢ඞ」； 完。
Rockstar Interpreter
Among Us is the game everyone played Cast it Listen to the source If the source is empty Shout Among Us Else Shout Among Us (anyway, who cares?)
！中文 Interpreter
扔给程序一段源代码，然后输出“ඞ”。
Rude ！中文 Interpreter
妈的我给你源代码，不管给啥，你他妈的都******输出那个天杀的“ඞ”！！！！！！！！！！
ChinaScript Interpreter
从用户端输入一串字符串，然后输出“ඞ”，并把输入进去的字符串扔掉。
wenyan Interpreter
吾嘗觀『閱文秘術』之書。方悟「閱行」「閱字」「閱白」「閱言」「閱數」「閱畢乎」之義。 吾嘗觀『交互秘術』之書。方悟「輸出」之義。 寫「「Sus > 」」焉。 閱一行。噫。 吾有一言。曰「「ඞ」」。書之。
Purpose
ඞ
See Also
Variants
Possible Outputs
What it'll print in different character sets
ASCII/Unicode: à¶
ASCII+UTF-8: the usual
Windows 1252 (West European): ඞ
Big5 (Chinese): 銃�
Code Page 437 (MS-DOS): ඞ
GBK (Code Page 936): 喽�
EUC-KR (Korean): 蓆
Shift-JIS (Japanese): 犖]
In Unicode chart, it is Sinhala Alphabet Kantaja Naasikyaya.
Obviously not every character set.
If a programming language doesn't support the ඞ character, it can substitute for one of the above.