Chicken
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| Paradigm(s) | imperative |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Torbjörn Söderstedt |
| Appeared in | 2013 |
| Type system | dynamic, weak |
| Memory system | Stack-based |
| Dimensions | one-dimensional |
| Computational class | Turing complete |
| Reference implementation | Chicken homepage (from the Wayback Machine; retrieved on 20 April 2018) |
| Dialects | Chicken, MiniChicken |
| Influenced | Blue Hens, 硕鼠, 退！退！退！, WooYeah |
| File extension(s) | Unknown |
Chicken is an esoteric programming language by Torbjörn Söderstedt, in which "chicken" is the only valid symbol.
Language overview
A chicken program consists of the tokens "chicken", " " and "\n". Every line has a number of chickens separated by spaces. The number of chickens corresponds to an opcode. Trailing newlines are significant, as an empty line will produce a "0" opcode.
Instructions are loaded onto the stack and executed there directly, which allows for injecting arbitrary code and executing it through a jump. Self-modifying code is also possible because the program stack is not bounded.
The user is able to supply an input value before executing the program. This input is stored in one of the two registers.
Memory model
The stack (represents the memory of the program) has three segments.
The first segment contains two registers. The first register just points to the stack itself (by reference). The second register contains the user input, which is usually a string. These registers are used by the LOAD instruction.
The second segment contains the loaded code. For each line of the code there is a cell on the stack containing the amount of chickens on that line. This segment is directly used for execution. It is automatically padded with a single EXIT instruction.
The third segment contains the actual program stack. As instructions are executed, they will push and pop values in this space. Since the segments are not isolated, it is possible to modify values in the code space or execute in the user stack space.
Instructions
Chicken supports the following instructions:
| Opcode | Name | Name (chicken) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
0
|
exit | axe | Stop execution. |
1
|
chicken | chicken | Push the string "chicken" onto the stack. |
2
|
add | add | Add two top stack values. |
3
|
subtract | fox | Subtract two top stack values. |
4
|
multiply | rooster | Multiply two top stack values. |
5
|
compare | compare | Compare two top stack values for equality, push truthy or falsy result onto the stack. |
6
|
load | pick | Double wide instruction. Next instruction indicates source to load from. 0 loads from stack, 1 loads from user input. Top of stack points to address/index to load onto stack. |
7
|
store | peck | Top of stack points to address/index to store to. The value below that will be popped and stored. |
8
|
jump | fr | Top of stack is a relative offset to jump to. The value below that is the condition. Jump only happens if condition is truthy. |
9
|
char | BBQ | Pop x from stack and push &#x;
|
10+
|
push | Pushes the literal number n-10 onto the stack. |
The output is the top of stack HTML unescaped, for example, A will become A.
Data Type
In the original implementation, Chicken is dynamically and weak typed and types behave like they behave in JavaScript, but this is usually unimplemented in other implementations.
Examples
Hello, world!
chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken
Quine
chicken
Cat
chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken
99 Chickens
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Deadfish
chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken 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undefined
chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken
This pushes a JavaScript undefined literal onto the stack in the original implementation.
NaN
chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken
A+B Problem
Only supports one-digit A+B, for example, input is 1 2 and output will be 3.
chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken chicken
MiniChicken
MiniChicken is a version of chicken created by Cortex. Numbers in MiniChicken are equivalent to a line of that many chickens in Chicken, and a space is equivalent to a newline in Chicken. However, for no other reason than so it can make a quine, the number 1 pushes the number 1 onto the stack instead of the string "chicken".
Translator to/from Chicken
Written in Python 3.
def chicken_to_minichicken(code: str) -> str: res = [] code = code.lower() for l in code.split("\n"): res.append(str(l.count("chicken"))) return " ".join(res) def minichicken_to_chicken(code: str) -> str: res = [] for n in code.split(): res.append(" ".join("chicken" for _ in range(int(n)))) return "\n".join(res)
Cat program
11 6 0
Quine
1
A+B Problem
Only supports one-digit A+B, for example, input is 1 2 and output will be 3.
10 6 1 10 3 12 6 1 10 3 2
Computational class
Chicken/MiniChicken is Turing complete, as long as the values are unbounded. It can be translated from a 2-register Minsky machine as follows:
11 2to increment first counter10 6 11 2 10 7to increment second counter11 3to decrement first counter10 6 11 3 10 7to decrement second counter11 6 10 5 <offset> 8to jump if first counter = 010 6 10 5 <offset> 8to jump if second counter = 0
See also
External resources
- Chicken homepage (from the Wayback Machine; retrieved on 20 April 2018) Includes instruction spec and original JavaScript implementation
- igorw/chicken PHP implementation
- powder96/ChickenASM-PHP PHP implementation
- kosayoda/chickenpy and auscompgeek/chickenpie Python implementations
- armichaud/chicken_esolang Rust implementation plus a more detailed explanation for chicken
- [1] Alternate JavaScript implementation
- none-None1/ChickenCS C# implmentation for both Chicken and MiniChicken (In MiniChicken opcode
1still printschicken) Try it online! - Chicken Chicken Chicken: Chicken Chicken The reason this language was created.