Zalgo

Zalgo is a stack-based, esoteric programming language developed by User:Short c1rcuit. The language operates on clusters of combining diacritical marks. The language is named after Zalgo text.

Description

A Zalgo program is made of clusters of characters. A cluster consists of 3 parts:

The centre character

The centre character is the character that the diacritics are put on. The centre characters have no instructions which means that they can be any character not in the Combining Diacritical Marks unicode block. Note: whitespace characters are stripped in parsing so any diacritics placed on them will be treated as part of the previous cluster. If there is no previous cluster then they will be ignored. A centre character with no diacritics is ignored.

The top diacritics

The top diacritics are any character in the Combining Diacritical Marks unicode block that appears above the base character. An important thing to consider when writing Zalgo code is that the top diacritics are added from the inside out. However, the interpreter reads the diacritics from top to bottom. Therefore, all of the top diacritics must be added in reverse order of execution.

The bottom diacritics

The bottom diacritics are any character in the Combining Diacritical Marks unicode block that appears below the base character.

Instructions

Top side instructions

Character	Unicode Number	Description
◌̀ - ◌̏	U+0300 - U+030F	Represents the hex digits `0 - F`.
◌͆	U+0346	Represents the negative symbol.
◌̐	U+0310	Pushes the hex value to the stack. If no hex value is given, it will push 0.
◌̑	U+0311	Pops the top value off the stack.

The interpreter treats hex digits that are next to each other as one single hex number.

Bottom side instructions

Program flow

Character	Unicode Number	Description
◌̥	U+0325	Pops a value off the stack, if it's 0, skip the next cluster.
◌͍	U+034D	Pops a value off the stack and jumps by that many clusters (positive forward, negative backward).

This will immediately cause the program to jump and thus any remaining instructions in the cluster will be ignored.

IO

Character	Unicode Number	Description
◌̝	U+031D	Pops a value off the stack and prints its Unicode value.
◌̞	U+031E	Takes the first character from the input buffer and pushes it to the stack

Input works with a buffer. If the buffer is empty, the user is prompted to input something to set the buffer to before the process continues. All inputs have a null byte added to the end.

Arithmatic

Character	Unicode Number	Description
◌̟	U+031F	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y, push X+Y.
◌̠	U+0320	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y, push Y-X.
◌͓	U+0353	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y, push X*Y.
◌̡	U+0321	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y, push Y/X (rounded down).
◌̢	U+0322	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y, push Y%X.

Bitwise operations

Character	Unicode Number	Description
◌̭	U+032D	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y, push X∧Y.
◌̬	U+032C	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y, push X∨Y.
◌͉	U+0349	Pops a value off the stack X and inverts the significant bits (throws an error on negatives).
◌̜	U+031C	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y, push Y << X.
◌̹	U+0339	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y, push Y >> X.

Comparisons

Character	Unicode Number	Description
◌̳	U+0333	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y. Push 1 if X == Y or 0 otherwise.
◌͕	U+0355	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y. Push 1 if Y > X or 0 otherwise.
◌͔	U+0354	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y. Push 1 if Y < X or 0 otherwise.

Misc

Character	Unicode Number	Description
◌͈	U+0348	Duplicates the top value of the stack.
◌̙	U+0319	Pops a value off the stack X and another Y. Cycle the top Y elements of the stack by X (Positive means cycle up, negative means cycle down)

Examples

Hello, world!

A̝̝̝̝̝̝̝̝̝̝̝̝̝̐̈̄̐̅̆̐̌̆̐̌̆̐̏̆̐̌̂̐̀̂̐̇̇̐̏̆̐̂̇̐̌̆̐̄̆̐́̂

Actually visible version

Top set:
◌̐◌̈◌̄◌̐◌̅◌̆◌̐◌̌◌̆◌̐◌̌◌̆◌̐◌̏◌̆◌̐◌̌◌̂◌̐◌̀◌̂◌̐◌̇◌̇◌̐◌̏◌̆◌̐◌̂◌̇◌̐◌̌◌̆◌̐◌̄◌̆◌̐◌́◌̂

Bottom set:
◌̝◌̝◌̝◌̝◌̝◌̝◌̝◌̝◌̝◌̝◌̝◌̝◌̝

Pushes the characters onto the stack in reverse order then prints them all.

Cat

C̞͈̥a͍̐̂t͍̐̃P̝t͍̐̄͆

Equivalent to:

input, duplicate, if
2, push, jump
3, push, jump
print
-4, push, jump

String to Number

S̐t̞͈̥r͍̐̂T͍̐̅o̠̐̀̃N̙̐́̐̂u͓̟̐̊m͍̐̆͆#̝̑

Takes in a string representation of a number and outputs it's unicode representation.

Equivalent to:

push
input, duplicate, if
2, push, jump
5, push, jump
48, push, sub
2, push, 1, push, cycle
10, push, multiply, add
-6, push, jump
pop, print

Number to String

#̞̐́N͈u̢̐̊m̟̐̀̃b̙̐́̐̃e̡͈̥̐̊r͍̐̂T͍̐̅o̙̐́̐̂S̟̐́t̙̐́̐̂r͍̐̊͆ȋn̙̐́̐̂g̝#̠͈̥̐́#͍̐̃͆

Takes a character as an input and outputs the unicode number of the character

Equivalent to:

1, push, input
dup
10, push, mod
48, push, add
3, push, 1, push, cycle
10, push, div, dup, if
2, push, jump
5, push, jump
2, push, 1, push, cycle
1, push, add
2, push, 1, push, cycle
-10, push, jump
pop
2, push, 1, push, cycle
print
1, push, sub, dup, if
13, push, jump

External resources

• Official interpreter