Stack-based
- Not to be confused with Stack based.
Stack-based is a stack-based esolang invented by User:None1.
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| Paradigm(s) | procedural, imperative |
|---|---|
| Designed by | User:None1 |
| Appeared in | 2023 |
| Memory system | |
| Dimensions | one-dimensional |
| Computational class | Turing complete |
| Reference implementation | Official interpreter, Online interpreter |
| File extension(s) | .stb |
Commands
They are case-insensitive.
Legend: x, y and z are variables, integer is an integer literal, string is a string literal without quotes.
Declaration
VAR x
Declare a variable named x with initial value 0. All values in this esolang are unsigned bignums.
I/O
EOF returns 0 in all input commands.
I x
Input x as decimal.
O x
Output x as decimal.
IC x
Input x as Unicode.
OC x
Output x as Unicode.
P "string"
Output string (escape is not allowed).
Arithmetic
S x integer
Store integer in x.
A x y z
Let z be x+y.
SU x y z
Let z be x-y.
M x y z
Let z be x*y.
Q x y z
Let z be the quotient of x/y.
R x y z
Let z be the remainder of x/y.
C x y
Let y be x.
Stack operations
PUSH x
Push x onto the stack.
POP x
Pop stack and store in x.
POP
Pop stack and discard.
TOP x
Store top of stack to x.
SZ x
Store number of elements in the stack to x.
Comparison
LT x y z
Set z to 1 if x < y, otherwise 0.
LE x y z
Set z to 1 if x <= y, otherwise 0.
GT x y z
Set z to 1 if x > y, otherwise 0.
GE x y z
Set z to 1 if x >= y, otherwise 0.
EQ x y z
Set z to 1 if x = y, otherwise 0.
NE x y z
Set z to 1 if x != y, otherwise 0.
Jump
JA x integer
Jump integer commands forward if x is nonzero.
JB x integer
Jump integer commands backward if x is nonzero.
NOP
NOP.
HALT
Quit.
Random
RND x
Randomize x to integer between 0 and 1.
Logic operations
AND x y z
Let z be 1 if x and y are both nonzero, otherwise 0.
OR x y z
Let z be 0 if x and y are both zero, otherwise 1.
NOT x y
Let y be 1 if x is zero, otherwise 0.
Bitwise operations
BND x y z
Let z be the bitwise AND result of x and y.
BOR x y z
Let z be the bitwise OR result of x and y.
XOR x y z
Let z be the bitwise XOR result of x and y.
Comments
Like most assembly-like languages, Stack-based uses ; as comments, comments comment until the next line and are not parsed or executed.
code ; comment more code
Errors
Syntax error
When the syntax is invalid.
Undefined variable
When you attempt to use an undefined variable.
Division error
Division by 0 (modulo by 0 returns 0 in this esolang, so it won't raise an error).
Negative error
When attempting to create a negative value.
Empty error
When popping or accessing top of stack when the stack is empty.
Example programs
Hello World!
P "Hello World!"
Cat program
VAR x IC x OC x JB x 2
Bug: Prints an extra NUL character in the end, which is visible in online interpreter. Please try to fix it.
A+B Problem
VAR x I x VAR y I y VAR z A x y z O z
Truth Machine
VAR x I x O x JB x 1
Fibonacci
VAR x VAR y VAR z VAR i S x 0 S y 1 S i 1 O x A x y z C y x C z y JB i 4
Reverse Cat program
VAR x IC x PUSH x JB x 2 VAR y VAR z SZ y NOT y z JA z 3 POP x OC x JB y 5
Bug: Prints an extra NUL character in front, which is visible in online interpreter. Please try to fix it.
looping counter
VAR x VAR y VAR z VAR one S x 1 S one 1 S z 10 C x y P "*" SU y one y JB y 2 OC z A x one x JB one 6
XKCD Random Number
VAR four S four 4 O four
Coin
VAR x RND x JA x 3 P "Tails" HALT P "Heads"
Turing completeness
A conversion from BinaryLanguage is possible, so it is Turing complete.
External resources
- Official interpreter in Python.
- Online interpreter based on the official interpreter.