PNID

PNID

Paradigm(s)	imperative
Designed by	Lealcy Tardelli Belegante
Appeared in	2017
Memory system	tape-based
Dimensions	one-dimensional
Computational class	Turing complete
Major implementations	C# Interpreter
Influenced by	Brainfuck

PNID means "Previous, Next, Increment, Decrement" and is a superset of Brainfuck.

Language overview

As Brainfuck, PNID operates on an array of memory cells, also referred to as the tape, each initially set to zero. There is a pointer, initially pointing to the first memory cell. The commands are:

Command	Description
p	Move the pointer one cell to the left. if the pointer gets below zero, then it cycles to the last position of the memory
n	Move the pointer one cell to the right. if the pointer gets above the available memory, then it becomes zero
i	Increment the memory cell under the pointer
d	Decrement the memory cell under the pointer
w	Output the character signified by the cell at the pointer
r	Input a character and store it in the cell at the pointer
()	Repeat the code inside the parenthesis until the appointed value becomes zero
$	Read everything from the default input to the memory until it find a new line
'c	Write the character c to the appointed cell
""	Write everything between the double quotes to the memory
;	Write the numeric value of the appointed cell to the default output
^	Jump the pointer back to the first cell
j	Jump the code to the position contained in the current cell
c	Clear all the memory
%	If the current cell has a value greater than zero, generates a random number between zero and that value, otherwise generates a number between zero and INT_MAX
\n	Write the number n to the current cell

For compatibility with brainfuck, the commands <>+-[] are also accepted instead of pnid().

Interpreter

The Interpreter accept the following commands:

Command	Description
h	Show an informative help.
q	Exit the interpreter

If the execution enters a loop or a deadlock, you can break out of it by pressing ESC.

Examples

Hello, World!

This program prints out the words Hello, World!:

"Hello, World!"^(.n)

Hello, name!

This program asks for your name, then greats you:

"What's your name? "^(wn)c^$n"Hello, "p(p)n(wn)^(wn)'!w

Coin toss

Every time you executes this program, it will give heads or tails:

i%^(n"heads"ppppp(wn))^d(c^"tails"^(wn))

Memory and wrapping

In the current implementation of the C# interpreter, the memory has UINT16_MAX cells, each of has (sizeof)int size.

Related languages

• Brainfuck.
• pbrain is a brainfuck extension that supports procedures.
• cbrain is a derivative of pbrain as implemented in pbrain.c, adding integers and operators.
• RUM stands for "bRainfUck iMproved." and adds procedures, strings and repetition.
• Toadskin is a brainfuck variant that supports procedures, but uses a stack instead of a tape.
• Brainfork adds a Y command to fork the current thread.
• Fm edits a string on alphabet {0,1,...,m-1} (m >= 2).
• FRAK assemble instructions to brainfuck code.
• FukYorBrane and BF Joust pit two Brainfuck-like programs against each other, as in Core War (see Redcode).
• Smallfuck operates only on bits and has no input- or output-commands.
• Spoon uses a Huffman coded set of instructions corresponding to Brainfuck's commands.
• BrainDuino BF port on Arduino HW platform (based on Atmel's ATMega). Extended by two special I/O operations and special overflow protection.
• Puzzlang turns every program into an exercise in patience and logic puzzle skills. The lone X operator becomes any of brainfuck's instructions, depending on the surrounding characters.
• Alarm Clock Radio throws away the instructions to decrement the memory pointer or memory value.
• Portal and Portal 2 allows code-level pointer manipulation and theoretically implements the Wang-B Machine.
• tbf is a language that can be compiled to Brainfuck. It includes variables, strings, macros and improved loops.
• Grin adds more efficient arithmetic functions to Brainfuck.
• tinyBF and its variant RISBF are brainfuck equivalents with only 4 opcodes.

Some other funny variants:

• Ook! works exactly like brainfuck, except the syntax is in Orangutan.
• Blub is the same for fish.
• Matisse uses colors to merge brainfuck codes and program comments.
• Brainloller has the same commands as brainfuck, except they're read from a png image.
• COW is like Ook!, except with a bovine syntax.
• Pi obfuscates Brainfuck instructions in random errors in pi digits.

Some languages inspired by brainfuck, but with more major differences:

• Aura requires data to be stored in the code space.
• PATH and SNUSP attempt to combine brainfuck with Befunge.
• Wierd arose out of an earlier attempt to combine brainfuck with Befunge.

External resources

• PNID Interpreter in C#.