Nilad

Nilad is an esolang invented by User:None1, it is a derivative of Minsky Machine where commands take no arguments.

Name of the language

The name Nilad comes from the documentation of Brain-Flak where the word means "functions that take 0 arguments".

Memory

There are three unbounded accumulators: A, B and J. They're initialized to 0.

Commands

There are 6 mandatory commands and one optional command:

Command table

Command	Meaning
+	Increment A
-	Decrement A
:	Add J by 1
;	Add J by 10
%	Jump to the J'th character (0-indexed) if A is 0. Then, set J to 0.
~	Swap A and B
. (optional)	Print A either as integer or character.

Examples

XKCD Random Number

++++.

Infinite loop

%

Truth Machine

.;%-+.:::::-%

This is the zero input program, add a + before code to get the one input program.

Computational class

It's Turing-complete as it can be translated from a 2-register Minsky Machine. One can access both A and B using the ~ command, and use + and - to operate on them. Jumps can be done by setting J to an appropriate value and jump using the % command.

Minimalizations

Minimalized Nilad

Minimalized Nilad is a dialect which has 5 commands but still TC.

Command table

Command	Meaning
+	Increment A. Swap A and B.
-	Decrement A. Swap A and B.
:	Multiply J by 2. Swap A and B.
;	Multiply J by 2. Add A by 1. Swap A and B.
%	Jump to the J'th character (0-indexed) if A is 0. Then, set J to 0.

The author wonders if this esolang can be minimalized further (but still TC). You can try minimalizing it!

User:I am islptng's attempt

4 commands:

Command table

Command	Meaning
+	Increment A. Swap A and B.
-	Decrement A. If A is already zero, jump J character. Then set J to 0.
:	Multiply J by 3. Decrement J. Swap A and B.
;	Increment J.

Implementations

Interpreter for both dialects by the author:

def nilad(code):
    ip=a=b=j=0
    while ip<len(code):
        c=code[ip]
        if c=='+':
            a+=1
        elif c=='-':
            a-=1
        elif c==':':
            j+=1
        elif c==';':
            j+=10
        elif c=='%':
            if not a:
                ip=j-1
            j=0
        elif c=='~':
            a,b=b,a
        elif c=='.': # optional
            print(a)
        ip+=1
def mnilad(code): # Minimalized Nilad
    ip=a=b=j=0
    while ip<len(code):
        c=code[ip]
        if c=='+':
            a+=1
            a,b=b,a
        elif c=='-':
            a-=1
            a,b=b,a
        elif c==':':
            j*=2
            a,b=b,a
        elif c==';':
            j=j*2+1
            a,b=b,a
        elif c=='%':
            if not a:
                ip=j-1
            j=0
        ip+=1        
nilad('<CODE HERE>')