Kawa

**Kawa**
Paradigm(s)	?
Designed by	User:Aadenboy
Appeared in	2025
Memory system	Deque, stack
Dimensions	One-dimensional
Computational class	Turing complete^[assumed]
Major implementations	None
Influenced by	APL, Uiua, Japanese
Influenced	None
File extension(s)	`.kawa`

Not to be confused with Kava.

Kawa (pronounced kah-wah) (川) is a symbolic language created by User:Aadenboy inspired by Japanese radicals.

Data

The only data type is the number.

Data can be held on a stack (the "stream") and on a deque (the "boat"). The stream is used for temporary data and calculations like math, while the boat is used for more persistent values.

The stream exists parallel to the instruction pointer, and is fed into whatever command it runs into, as if it were a river.

Bases

Bases are the commands used in the program. There are only nineteen bases (nine when excluding the numerals). On their own, they are basic in functionality and can't do much of anything useful.

Name	Description	Radicals
Zero - Nine	Pushes the corresponding digit to the stream.	No
Nop	Does nothing.	Yes
Input	Takes input from the user, pushing each character's UTF-8 code onto the stream in reverse order.	Yes
Output	Pops a value from the stack, writing it as a numeral.	Yes
If / Else / End	If - Check if the top value of the stack is equal to zero. If it is, continue as normal; otherwise, jump to the Else command. Else - Jump to the End block. End - No behavior.	Yes only for If
Jump Back / Forward / End	Back - Jump execution to the previous command with a flag (or the start if none exists). Forward - Jump execution to the next command with a flag (or the end if none exists). End - Halt execution.	No

Modifiers

Modifiers are common diacritics used on certain commands to modify their behavior.

Diacritic	Meaning
	"With two"
	"Limit"
	"As one"
	"Negate"
	"Sequentially"

With Nop

As Nop does nothing on its own, it serves as a "container", with the modifiers acting directly on the values on the stream instead.

If Sequentially is used on an operation that takes one argument, it will do the action for every individual value on the stream. If Sequentially is used on an operation that takes multiple arguments, it will do the action repeatedly until only one value remains on the stream.

Name	Glyph	Description
Concatenate	Nop + With two	Pop two values a and b, then push the result of concatenating b to a.
Absolute value	Nop + Limit	Pop one value a, then push the absolute value of a.
Boolean-ify	Nop + As one	Pop one value a, then push the result of clamping it to the range [0, 1].
Negate	Nop + Negate	Pop one value a, then push the result of multiplying a with -1.
Modulo	Nop + With two + Limit	Pop two values a and b, then push the result of a mod b.
Add	Nop + With two + As one	Pop two values a and b, then push the result of a plus b.
Split	Nop + With two + Negate	Pop two values a and b, then push the first or last b digits of a (first if b > 0, otherwise last).
First digit	Nop + Limit + As one	Pop one value a, then push the first digit of a.
Round	Nop + Limit + Negate	Pop one value a, then push the result of rounding a.
Sign	Nop + As one + Negate	Pop one value a, then push the sign of a. The sign of zero is zero.
Maximum	Nop + With two + Limit + As one	Pop two values a and b, then push the bigger of the two.
Divide	Nop + With two + Limit + Negate	Pop two values a and b, then push the result of dividing a by b.
Subtract	Nop + With two + As one + Negate	Pop two values a and b, then push the result of subtracting b from a.
Last digit	Nop + Limit + As one + Negate	Pop one value a, then push the last digit of a.
Minimum	Nop + With two + Limit + As one + Negate	Pop two values a and b, then push the smaller of the two.

With Input

Unlike Nop, modifiers are used as parameters for the command. This is true for the rest of the commands.

Parameter	Glyph	Description
With two (No Sequentially)		If used with Limit, peek an additional value b and enforce the input into the range [a, b].
Limit (No Sequentially)		Peek a single value a, and enforce the input to be no longer (or bigger) than a.
Limit + Sequentially		Peek through the entire stream, and enforce the input to only use the values found in the stream.
As one		Interpret the input as a number instead.
Limit + Negate		Negate the restrictions to allow input that doesn't fit.

With Output

Parameter	Glyph	Description
With two (No Sequentially, no As one)		Pop an additional value b, and use b as the base to output a as.
Limit + As one		Modulo a with 256 before converting to a character (limits within ASCII range).
As one		Output a as its UTF-8 character.
Negate		Does nothing. What would it do, anyways...?
Sequentially		Pop and output every character on the stream.

With If

Note: If there aren't enough values in the stream (i.e trying to compare two numbers when there's only one), it will skip directly to the end, even if there is an Else command.

Parameter	Glyph	Description
With two		Check if the top two values of the stream are equal to each other.
Limit		Compare to be less than instead.
Negate		Reverse the condition.
Sequentially (No As one, no With two)		Check every value in the stream to see if any match the condition (OR).
Sequentially + As One (No With two)		Check every value in the stream to see if they all match the condition (AND).
Sequentially + With two ± (and or) As one		Compare every value below the topmost one against the topmost value.

Diacritics

Diacritics are placed either below or above the command. Instead of modifying the command itself, they are ran in sequence, in order of bottom diacritics, command, top diacritics. While not mentioned before, the Sequentially modifier is also a diacritic, and can be placed below other diacritics to make them sequential.

Name	Description	Sequentially
Sequentially	Make the next diacritic sequential.	No difference.
Push top	Pop a single value from the stream, then push it to the top of the boat.	Pop all values from the stream, pushing them to the top of the boat.
Push bottom	Pop a single value from the stream, then push it to the bottom of the boat.	Pop all values from the stream, pushing them to the bottom of the boat.
Pop top	Pop a single value from the top of the boat, then push it to the stream.	Pop all values from the boat (starting at the top), pushing them to the stream.
Pop bottom	Pop a single value from the bottom of the boat, then push it to the stream.	Pop all values from the boat (starting at the bottom), pushing them to the stream.
As two/Duplicate	Duplicate the topmost value.	Duplicate the entire stream.
Discard	Pop the topmost value and do nothing with it.	Pop the entire stream.
Swap	Pop two values a and b, then push b, then a.	Reverse the entire stream.
Flag	Placed at the bottom below all diacritics, used as a reference point for Jump Back and Jump Forward.	None; cannot place underneath