Coin

Coin is an esolang invented by User:None1. As the name suggests, this esolang operates on random integer variables called coins.

Memory

This esolang is variable-based, and there's only one type: coin.

You must assign a variable before reading it.

The built-in constant: C

There's only one built-in coin constant: C, which has a 50% chance of returning 1 and 50% chance of returning 0 when printed. It is a singleton.

User input

The user input is the only way to get deterministic data in this esolang. The result of input is a coin with 100% chance of returning the value read.

Execution

Commands

Operators

The available operators in this esolang are: +,-,*,/,%,&,|,^,~,<<,&&,||,!,(),>,<,>=,<=,==,!=. Division or modulo by 0 returns 0.

The special feature of this esolang is that the results of operators are still coins. The expression tree is preserved, and is only evaluated when printed.

For example, C+C will return the coin C+C which has a 25% chance of returning 0, 50% probability chance of returning 1, and 25% chance of returning 2 when printed.

Assignment

The assignment of Coin is like this:

<variable>=<expression>

I/O

Input:

<variable>< (Input as integer)
<variable><< (Input as ASCII character)

Output:

<variable>> (Output as integer)
<variable>>> (Output as ASCII character)

As said above, coins are evaluated only when they're printed. Printing the same coin multiple times might yield different results.

Examples

Almost deterministic value without using user input

By applying bitwise OR to many C's, you can get a coin that almost always returns 1. For example, the coin:

C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C

has a 2^-14 chance of returning 0 and 1-2^-14 chance (≈99.99%) of returning 1.

Hello, world!

A program that almost always prints Hello, world! can be implemented using the technique above.

_=C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C|C
_72=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_72>>
_101=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_101>>
_108=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_108>>
_108=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_108>>
_111=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_111>>
_44=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_44>>
_32=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_32>>
_119=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_119>>
_111=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_111>>
_114=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_114>>
_108=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_108>>
_100=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_100>>
_33=_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
_33>>

In fact, the probability that this program does not print "Hello, world!" is less than 10^-123.

One time cat

_<<
_>>

Implementation

Try it online!
Written by User:I am islptng.