1
| Paradigm(s) | procedural, imperative |
|---|---|
| Designed by | None1 |
| Appeared in | 2023 |
| Memory system | Stack-based |
| Dimensions | one-dimensional |
| Computational class | Push-down automata |
| Reference implementation | Python |
| Dialects | Common1, Advanced1, Pure1, Dead1 |
| Influenced by | brainfuck |
| File extension(s) | .1, .one |
1 (a.k.a one) is an esolang by User:None1, it has a stack that contains nonnegative integers of any size.
Commands
| Command | Meaning |
|---|---|
* |
Pop a,b,c, if c mod 4 is 0, push b+a, if c mod 4 is 1, push b-a, if c mod 4 is 2, push b*a, otherwise push b mod a
|
, |
Pop a, if a mod 4 is 0, pop a number and output as character, if a mod 4 is 1, pop a number and output as decimal, if a mod 4 is 2, read a character from user input and push its ASCII, otherwise read an integer from user input and push it |
_ |
Push a random number between 0 and 255 onto the stack |
1 |
Push 1 onto the stack |
[x] |
While top of stack isn't zero, do x (like the bracket in BF).
|
| Other characters | Push corresponding ASCII value onto the stack |
Note: EOF returns 0, if a subtraction will result in a negative value, push 0 instead, if an empty stack is popped, return a random number between 0 and 255, modulo by 0 returns 0
Examples
Hello World
This only works in common1.
H111*,e111*,l111*,l111*,o111*, 111*,W111*,o111*,r111*,l111*,d111*,!111*,
Shorter one:
Hd,ed,ld,ld,od,1-1*d, d,Wd,od,rd,ld,dd,!d,
Cat Program
111*11*,[111*,111*11*,]
Random decimal number between 0 and 255
1,
A+B Problem
111*111*111*11*1*,111*111*11*1*,*1,
Random bit
111*111*11*1*111*11*_*1,
Dialects
1 has many dialects, the one shown above is the most common dialect known as Common1. coding in Common1 is very painful, but other dialects of 1 make it more painful!
Advanced1
Advanced1 removes literals, when it encounters other characters, it simple raises a syntax error.
Pure1
Pure1 is Advanced1, but it removes random, when an empty stack is popped, it raises a syntax error.
Dead1
Dead1 is very different from the other dialects, it minimizes Pure1 down to 4 instructions, so it is equivalent to Pure1 but almost completely unusable for programming (because programming in it will be too painful). If you try programming in Dead1, you will feel like you are dead. None of the examples programs here works in Dead1.
Execution
There are 4 commands: *, 1, [, and ], the commands except * work the same in Pure1.
The command * works like this: Pop a value x, if x mod 8 is less than 4, execute the command * in Pure1, but do not pop c, use x mod 4 instead of c. Otherwise execute , in Pure1, but do not pop a, use x mod 4 instead of a.
External resources
- Official interpreter in Python, supports all dialects