Wise

Wise

Paradigm(s)	procedural, imperative
Designed by	User:DivergentClouds
Appeared in	2023
Memory system	stack-based
Dimensions	one-dimensional
Computational class	Unknown
Reference implementation	Zig
File extension(s)	.wise, .wis

Wise is a stack-based language based on an extension of bitwise operations for bases ≥ 2.

Overview

There are 3 main registers (A, B,C) and 2 stacks (X, Y). In addition there is the base register, which notates the current base. All numbers are unbounded non-negative integers. A digit of A is notated as a and B as b.

A, B and C are all initialized to 0, and base is initialized to 2.

Operators

The digit-wise operators operate on each of the least-significant C digits of A and B (or just A in the case of ~). Any remaining digits of A are preserved in the result. The result is then pushed to X.

Digit-wise operators

Command	Description
~	(base - 1) - a
|	min(a + b, (base - 1))
^	(a + b) mod base
&	min(a × b, (base - 1))
*	(a × b) mod base

The shift operators operate on all of A and B. They can be thought of as shifting all digits of A by B. The result is then pushed to X.

Shift Operators

Command	Description
<	A × pow(base, B)
>	floor(A ÷ pow(base, B))

The digit count operator returns the number of digits in A, not including leading zeroes. The result is then pushed to X.

Digit Count Operator

Command	Description
/	if (A == 0): 0, else: log_base(A) + 1

The final math operator is the base operator, which is used to set base. Attempting to set base to a value < 2 is an error.

Base Operator

Command	Description
_	A → base

The cycling operators are used to change register and stack references.

Cycling Operators

Command	Description
$	Swap the stacks; X becomes Y, and Y becomes X
%	Cycle the main registers; A becomes B, B becomes C, and C becomes A

The stack operators all modify X. Popping from an empty stack is an error.

Stack Operators

Command	Description
@	Push A, does not modify A
!	Pop into A
0	Push 0
1	Push 1

The branching operators are used for conditional execution. The program is treated as an implicit block. If C is 0, then A and B are treated as 0.

Branching Operators

Command	Description
?	If a ≤ b for the first C digits, go to the end of the innermost block
"	If a > b for the first C digits, go to the start of the innermost block
(	Start a block, must have a matching )
)	End a block, must have a matching (

The I/O operators treat numbers outside the program as base-10.

I/O Operators

Command	Description
i	Get a base-10 number as input and push it to the stack, converting to the current base. Waits for input
o	Output A, converting from the current base to base-10

Comments last until the end of line.

Comments

Command	Description
#	Start a comment which lasts until the end of the line