CraftyFunge

CraftyFunge

Paradigm(s)	imperative
Designed by	User:Kequals
Appeared in	2022
Memory system	stack-based with register
Dimensions	three-dimensional
Computational class	Turing complete
Reference implementation	Github
Influenced by	Befunge
File extension(s)	.nbt

CraftyFunge is a 3-dimensional esoteric programming language written by placing Minecraft blocks. Programs can be run directly in Minecraft or with the external interpreter. The external interpreter accepts programs exported from structure blocks. CraftyFunge is executable in vanilla Minecraft using a world with an embedded data pack.

Language overview

Much like other fungeoids, the instruction Pointer (IP) has no fixed direction, and can be redirected in any of 6 possible ways. Each block is treated as one instruction. There is no wraparound, and when executed in Minecraft the IP will continue on until it reaches an unloaded chunk. When executed with the external interpreter it will raise an exception.

For storage, CraftyFunge uses both a stack and variables. Commands read and write to the stack, but for convenience there are commands to read and write to variables. Additionally, as a way of storing data or modifying its own code, CraftyFunge can get and set blocks.

When run in Minecraft, the stack has a maximum length of 128, and there are 128 possible variables from indices 0-127. Further pushes to the stack will overwrite earlier values, and attempting to access indices outside of the allowed range will truncate to the nearest value in range. Each cell is a 32-bit integer with a minimum value of -2,147,483,648 and a maximum value of 2,147,483,647. Attempting to go past these limits will result in wraparound. These limits are removed for the external interpreter.

Instructions

Instruction	Block Name	Description
Start	Command Block	Start the program, setting the IP to the direction the command block is pointing.
End	Bedrock	End the program.
Change Direction	Piston	Set the IP direction to wherever the piston’s head is pointing.
Random Direction	Magenta Glazed Terracotta	Set a random IP direction.
Skip	Sea Lantern	Jump over the next block.
Conditional Skip	Redstone Lamp	Pop one value off the stack and jump over the next block if zero.
Push 0-9	Concrete	Pushes 0-9 to the stack, depending on the block’s color.
Push 10-90	Terracotta	Pushes 10-90 to the stack, depending on the block’s color.
Push 100-900	Wool	Pushes 100-900 to the stack, depending on the block’s color.
Push 1,000-9,000	Stained Glass	Pushes 1000-9000 to the stack, depending on the block’s color.
Push 1,000,000 to 9,000,000	Shulker Box	Pushes 1,000,000-9,000,000 to the stack, depending on the block’s color.
Add	Iron Block	Pop a, b. Push b + a.
Subtract	Gold Block	Pop a, b. Push b - a.
Multiply	Diamond Block	Pop a, b. Push b * a.
Integer Divide	Emerald Block	Pop a, b. Push b / a. Uses integer division.
Modulus	Lapis Lazuli Block	Pop a, b. Push b % a.
Exponent	Netherite Block	Pop a, b. Push b^a. Negative exponents will truncate the result to 0.
Negate	Coal Block	Negates the top of the stack.
Not	Obsidian	Pop a. Push 1 if a is 0, else push 0.
Greater Than	Mossy Stone Bricks	Pop a, b. Push 1 if b > a, else push 0.
Less Than	Cracked Stone Bricks	Pop a, b. Push 1 if b < a, else push 0.
If	Observer	Pop one value off the stack. If it is 0, change the IP direction to the back of the block, else change the IP direction to the front.
Duplicate	Crafting Table	Duplicate the top value of the stack.
Pop	Magma Block	Discard the top value of the stack.
Clear	TNT	Reset the stack to empty.
Swap	Pumpkin	Swap the top two elements of the stack.
Rotate	Melon	Pop a. Rotate the top |a|+1 elements of the stack. If a is positive, make the bottom element on the top. If a is negative, make the top element on the bottom.
Push Length	Ancient Debris	Push the length of the stack onto the stack. Trailing zero values aren’t counted towards the length.
Numeric Output	Dispenser	Pop and print the top of the stack as a number, followed by a space.
Text Output	Dropper	Pop and print the top of the stack as an ASCII character.
Newline Output	Bookshelf	Prints a newline.
Raise Error	Note Block	Raises an error and halts the program.
Numeric Input	Chest	Input a number and push to the stack. Pushes -1 upon EOF or invalid input.
Text Input	Ender chest	Input one character and push its ASCII value to the stack. Pushes -1 upon EOF.
Push Next Block Value	Jukebox	Read the next block’s value in the direction of the IP, push it to the stack, then skip over that block. If the value is invalid, does nothing.
Get Block	Slime block	Pop z, y, x. Get the block’s value at (x, y, z) and push it onto the stack. If the value is invalid, does nothing.
Set Block	Honey block	Pop z, y, x, B. Set the block at (x, y, z) to the block corresponding to the value of B. If the value is invalid, does nothing.
Get Variable	Red Nether Bricks	Pop i. Push the value of the variable at index i.
Set Variable	Nether Bricks	Pop i, v. Set the value of the variable at index i to value v.
Push Current Position	Dark Prismarine	Push the IP’s current coordinates x, y, z to the stack.
Goto	Prismarine	Pop z, y, x. Teleport the IP to (x, y, z), retaining the same direction.
Tunnel	Deepslate	Enter/exit tunneling mode.
Input Number Literal	Glass	Enter/exit number literal input mode.
Input Text Literal	Tinted Glass	Enter/exit text literal input mode.

All coordinates are relative to the starting command block, although it is recommended to place the starting block at (0, 0, 0) so the coordinates line up.

Pushing numbers

Numbers can be pushed to the stack using concrete, terracotta, wool, stained glass, or shulker boxes. The value depends on the color and block type. Colors are as follows:

Color	Digit
Red	1
Orange	2
Yellow	3
Lime	4
Green	5
Light Blue	6
Cyan	7
Blue	8
Purple	9

Multipliers are as follows:

Block	Multiplier
Concrete	1
Terracotta	10
Wool	100
Stained Glass	1,000
Shulker Box	1,000,000

The value pushed is the product of the digit and the multiplier. For example, green concrete would push 5, and cyan wool would push 700.

To push 0 to the stack, use white concrete.

Block values

Get block, set block, and input text literal assign a numeric value to each block. Concrete/terracotta/wool/stained glass/shulker box blocks that can be used to push numbers all have the same block values as their literal forms. An exception to this is air, which has a block value of 0 instead of white concrete, which has the special value of -2,147,483,648. Other blocks are used to fill in the gaps.

List of block values.

Value	Block	ASCII Character
-2147483648	White Concrete
-172	Waxed Cut Copper
-171	Waxed Copper Block
-170	Warped Wart Block
-169	Warped Stairs
-168	Warped Slab
-167	Warped Planks
-166	Warped Nylium
-165	Warped Hyphae
-164	Verdant Froglight
-163	Tuff
-162	Trapped Chest
-161	Terracotta
-160	Target
-159	Stripped Warped Hyphae
-158	Stripped Spruce Wood
-157	Stripped Spruce Log
-156	Stripped Oak Wood
-155	Stripped Oak Log
-154	Stripped Mangrove Wood
-153	Stripped Mangrove Log
-152	Stripped Jungle Wood
-151	Stripped Jungle Log
-150	Stripped Dark Oak Wood
-149	Stripped Dark Oak Log
-148	Stripped Crimson Hyphae
-147	Stripped Birch Wood
-146	Stripped Birch Log
-145	Stripped Acacia Wood
-144	Stripped Acacia Log
-143	Stonecutter
-142	Stone Stairs
-141	Stone Slab
-140	Stone Bricks
-139	Stone Brick Stairs
-138	Stone Brick Slab
-137	Stone
-136	Sticky Piston
-135	Spruce Wood
-134	Spruce Stairs
-133	Spruce Slab
-132	Spruce Planks
-131	Spruce Log
-130	Spruce Leaves
-129	Sponge
-128	Soul Soil
-127	Soul Sand
-126	Snow Block
-125	Smooth Stone Slab
-124	Smooth Stone
-123	Smooth Sandstone Stairs
-122	Smooth Sandstone Slab
-121	Smooth Sandstone
-120	Smooth Red Sandstone Stairs
-119	Smooth Red Sandstone Slab
-118	Smooth Red Sandstone
-117	Smooth Quartz Stairs
-116	Smooth Quartz Slab
-115	Smooth Quartz
-114	Smooth Basalt
-113	Smoker
-112	Smithing Table
-111	Shulker Box
-110	Shroomlight
-109	Sculk
-108	Sandstone Stairs
-107	Sandstone Slab
-106	Sandstone
-105	Reinforced Deepslate
-104	Redstone Ore
-103	Red Sandstone Stairs
-102	Red Sandstone Slab
-101	Red Sandstone
-100	Red Nether Brick Stairs
-99	Red Nether Brick Slab
-98	Red Mushroom Block
-97	Red Glazed Terracotta
-96	Raw Iron Block
-95	Raw Gold Block
-94	Raw Copper Block
-93	Quartz Stairs
-92	Quartz Slab
-91	Quartz Pillar
-90	Quartz Bricks
-89	Quartz Block
-88	Purpur Stairs
-87	Purpur Slab
-86	Purpur Pillar
-85	Purpur Block
-84	Purple Glazed Terracotta
-83	Prismarine Stairs
-82	Prismarine Slab
-81	Prismarine Bricks
-80	Prismarine Brick Stairs
-79	Prismarine Brick Slab
-78	Polished Granite Stairs
-77	Polished Granite Slab
-76	Polished Granite
-75	Polished Diorite Stairs
-74	Polished Diorite Slab
-73	Polished Diorite
-72	Polished Deepslate Stairs
-71	Polished Deepslate Slab
-70	Polished Deepslate
-69	Polished Blackstone Stairs
-68	Polished Blackstone Slab
-67	Polished Blackstone Bricks
-66	Polished Blackstone Brick Stairs
-65	Polished Blackstone Brick Slab
-64	Polished Blackstone
-63	Polished Basalt
-62	Polished Andesite Stairs
-61	Polished Andesite Slab
-60	Polished Andesite
-59	Podzol
-58	Pink Wool
-57	Pink Terracotta
-56	Pink Stained Glass
-55	Pink Shulker Box
-54	Pink Glazed Terracotta
-53	Pink Concrete
-52	Petrified Oak Slab
-51	Pearlescent Froglight
-50	Packed Mud
-49	Packed Ice
-48	Orange Glazed Terracotta
-47	Ochre Froglight
-46	Oak Wood
-45	Oak Stairs
-44	Oak Slab
-43	Oak Planks
-42	Oak Log
-41	Oak Leaves
-40	Netherrack
-39	Nether Wart Block
-38	Nether Quartz Ore
-37	Nether Gold Ore
-36	Nether Brick Stairs
-35	Nether Brick Slab
-34	Muddy Mangrove Roots
-33	Mud Bricks
-32	Mud Brick Stairs
-31	Mud Brick Slab
-30	Mud
-29	Mossy Stone Brick Stairs
-28	Mossy Stone Brick Slab
-27	Mossy Cobblestone Stairs
-26	Mossy Cobblestone Slab
-25	Mossy Cobblestone
-24	Moss Block
-23	Mangrove Wood
-22	Mangrove Stairs
-21	Mangrove Slab
-20	Mangrove Roots
-19	Mangrove Planks
-18	Mangrove Log
-17	Mangrove Leaves
-16	Magenta Wool
-15	Magenta Terracotta
-14	Magenta Stained Glass
-13	Magenta Shulker Box
-12	Magenta Concrete
-11	Loom
-10	Lodestone
-9	Lime Glazed Terracotta
-8	Light Gray Wool
-7	Light Gray Terracotta
-6	Light Gray Stained Glass
-5	Light Gray Shulker Box
-4	Light Gray Glazed Terracotta
-3	Light Gray Concrete
-2	Light Blue Glazed Terracotta
-1	Lectern
0	Air
1	Red Concrete
2	Orange Concrete
3	Yellow Concrete
4	Lime Concrete
5	Green Concrete
6	Light Blue Concrete
7	Cyan Concrete
8	Blue Concrete
9	Purple Concrete
10	Red Terracotta	Newline
11	Iron Block
12	Gold Block
13	Diamond Block
14	Emerald Block
15	Lapis Block
16	Netherite Block
17	Coal Block
18	Obsidian
19	Mossy Stone Bricks
20	Orange Terracotta
21	Cracked Stone Bricks
22	Piston
23	Magenta Glazed Terracotta
24	Sea Lantern
25	Redstone Lamp
26	Deepslate
27	Glass
28	Observer
29	Crafting Table
30	Yellow Terracotta
31	Magma Block
32	Tnt	Space
33	Pumpkin	!
34	Melon	”
35	Ancient Debris	#
36	Dispenser	$
37	Dropper	%
38	Bookshelf	&
39	Note Block	’
40	Lime Terracotta	(
41	Chest	)
42	Ender Chest	*
43	Slime Block	+
44	Honey Block	,
45	Jukebox	-
46	Red Nether Bricks	.
47	Nether Bricks	/
48	Dark Prismarine	0
49	Prismarine	1
50	Green Terracotta	2
51	Bedrock	3
52	Acacia Leaves	4
53	Acacia Log	5
54	Acacia Planks	6
55	Acacia Slab	7
56	Acacia Stairs	8
57	Acacia Wood	9
58	Amethyst Block	:
59	Andesite	;
60	Light Blue Terracotta	<
61	Andesite Slab	=
62	Andesite Stairs	>
63	Azalea Leaves	?
64	Barrel	@
65	Basalt	A
66	Beacon	B
67	Beehive	C
68	Birch Leaves	D
69	Birch Log	E
70	Cyan Terracotta	F
71	Birch Planks	G
72	Birch Slab	H
73	Birch Stairs	I
74	Birch Wood	J
75	Black Concrete	K
76	Black Glazed Terracotta	L
77	Black Shulker Box	M
78	Black Stained Glass	N
79	Black Terracotta	O
80	Blue Terracotta	P
81	Black Wool	Q
82	Blackstone	R
83	Blackstone Slab	S
84	Blackstone Stairs	T
85	Blast Furnace	U
86	Blue Glazed Terracotta	V
87	Blue Ice	W
88	Bone Block	X
89	Brick Slab	Y
90	Purple Terracotta	Z
91	Brick Stairs	[
92	Bricks	\
93	Brown Concrete	]
94	Brown Glazed Terracotta	^
95	Brown Mushroom Block	_
96	Brown Shulker Box	`
97	Brown Stained Glass	a
98	Brown Terracotta	b
99	Brown Wool	c
100	Red Wool	d
101	Calcite	e
102	Cartography Table	f
103	Carved Pumpkin	g
104	Cauldron	h
105	Chiseled Deepslate	i
106	Chiseled Nether Bricks	j
107	Chiseled Polished Blackstone	k
108	Chiseled Quartz Block	l
109	Chiseled Red Sandstone	m
110	Chiseled Sandstone	n
111	Chiseled Stone Bricks	o
112	Clay	p
113	Coal Ore	q
114	Coarse Dirt	r
115	Cobbled Deepslate	s
116	Cobbled Deepslate Slab	t
117	Cobbled Deepslate Stairs	u
118	Cobblestone	v
119	Cobblestone Slab	w
120	Cobblestone Stairs	x
121	Cobweb	y
122	Composter	z
123	Copper Block	{
124	Copper Ore
125	Cracked Deepslate Bricks	}
126	Cracked Deepslate Tiles	~
127	Cracked Nether Bricks
128	Cracked Polished Blackstone Bricks
129	Crimson Hyphae
130	Crimson Nylium
131	Crimson Planks
132	Crimson Slab
133	Crimson Stairs
134	Crying Obsidian
135	Cut Copper
136	Cut Copper Slab
137	Cut Copper Stairs
138	Cut Red Sandstone
139	Cut Red Sandstone Slab
140	Cut Sandstone
141	Cut Sandstone Slab
142	Cyan Glazed Terracotta
143	Dark Oak Leaves
144	Dark Oak Log
145	Dark Oak Planks
146	Dark Oak Slab
147	Dark Oak Stairs
148	Dark Oak Wood
149	Dark Prismarine Slab
150	Dark Prismarine Stairs
151	Dead Brain Coral Block
152	Dead Bubble Coral Block
153	Dead Fire Coral Block
154	Dead Horn Coral Block
155	Dead Tube Coral Block
156	Deepslate Brick Slab
157	Deepslate Brick Stairs
158	Deepslate Bricks
159	Deepslate Coal Ore
160	Deepslate Copper Ore
161	Deepslate Diamond Ore
162	Deepslate Emerald Ore
163	Deepslate Gold Ore
164	Deepslate Iron Ore
165	Deepslate Lapis Ore
166	Deepslate Redstone Ore
167	Deepslate Tile Slab
168	Deepslate Tile Stairs
169	Deepslate Tiles
170	Diamond Ore
171	Diorite
172	Diorite Slab
173	Diorite Stairs
174	Dirt
175	Dried Kelp Block
176	Dripstone Block
177	Emerald Ore
178	Enchanting Table
179	End Portal Frame
180	End Stone
181	End Stone Brick Slab
182	End Stone Brick Stairs
183	End Stone Bricks
184	Fletching Table
185	Flowering Azalea Leaves
186	Frosted Ice
187	Furnace
188	Gilded Blackstone
189	Glowstone
190	Gold Ore
191	Granite
192	Granite Slab
193	Granite Stairs
194	Gray Concrete
195	Gray Glazed Terracotta
196	Gray Shulker Box
197	Gray Stained Glass
198	Gray Terracotta
199	Gray Wool
200	Orange Wool
201	Green Glazed Terracotta
202	Grindstone
203	Hay Block
204	Honeycomb Block
205	Infested Chiseled Stone Bricks
206	Infested Cobblestone
207	Infested Cracked Stone Bricks
208	Infested Deepslate
209	Infested Mossy Stone Bricks
210	Infested Stone
211	Infested Stone Bricks
212	Iron Ore
213	Jack O Lantern
214	Jungle Leaves
215	Jungle Log
216	Jungle Planks
217	Jungle Slab
218	Jungle Stairs
219	Jungle Wood
220	Lapis Ore
300	Yellow Wool
400	Lime Wool
500	Green Wool
600	Light Blue Wool
700	Cyan Wool
800	Blue Wool
900	Purple Wool
1000	Red Stained Glass
2000	Orange Stained Glass
3000	Yellow Stained Glass
4000	Lime Stained Glass
5000	Green Stained Glass
6000	Light Blue Stained Glass
7000	Cyan Stained Glass
8000	Blue Stained Glass
9000	Purple Stained Glass
1000000	Red Shulker Box
2000000	Orange Shulker Box
3000000	Yellow Shulker Box
4000000	Lime Shulker Box
5000000	Green Shulker Box
6000000	Light Blue Shulker Box
7000000	Cyan Shulker Box
8000000	Blue Shulker Box
9000000	Purple Shulker Box
2147483647	Tinted Glass

Execution modes

Much like Befunge's string mode, CraftyFunge includes several toggleable modes.

Default

While in default mode, the IP will execute instructions according to the instruction table. The IP starts in default mode.

Tunneling

While in tunneling mode, the IP will continue in the same direction until it reaches another deepslate block, ignoring any other instructions.

Numeric literal input

While in numeric literal input mode, the IP will read a number digit-by-digit and push that to the stack. White concrete counts as 0, and colored blocks of concrete/terracotta/wool/stained glass/shulker box (it doesn’t matter the block type) correspond to the other digits 1-9. A coal block will negate the result, and additional coal blocks have no effect. The IP will ignore all other instructions except for direction changes from pistons and will exit when it reaches another glass block. If the IP doesn’t read any valid blocks while in this mode, it will push 0.

Text literal input

While in text literal input mode, the IP will push the block value of each block it encounters to the stack until it reaches another tinted glass block. This is analogous to Befunge’s string mode. One limitation is that tinted glass blocks (having block value INT32_MAX = 2,147,483,647) cannot be read through text literal input. They can still be read through get block or push next block value.

Examples

Hello, World!

Video

Sieve of Eratosthenes

Video

Input

Input in the external interpreter is by default stdin and can be changed to any file.

Input in Minecraft is written in a book and quill called "Input" and is placed in the chest marked "Input" before running a program. Programs are limited to one page of input.

See also

• MineFriff
• MCBlocks

External resources

Interpreter