C♭/Cb

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C♭ (or Cb / C flat) is Itay Herskovits and Elisha Schafman's Magshimim Final Project. It is transpiled into C++ via our Transposer

Syntax

Types

C♭ C++
degree int
freq double
note char
bar string
mute bool
fermata void
  • fermata is only usable in function return value
  • For signed int/char use flat.
  • For unsigned int/char use sharp.
  • For mute use demen as false and cres as true.
  • default values are "" for bar, demen for mute and 0 for the other types.
  • Primitive are: degree, freq, note and mute

Conditions

C♭ C++
D𝄕<condition>𝄇𝄋...𝄌 if(<condition>){...}
D𝄍E𝄕<condition>𝄇𝄋...𝄌 else if(<condition>){...}
E𝄋...𝄌 else{...}
A𝄍<param>𝄋...𝄌 Switch(param){...}
C𝄍<value>𝄋...𝄌 case value: ...
div. or
non div. and

Variables

To create a variable: <type> <name> [= value]

If there isn't a value, it uses default values.

Loops

While

G𝄕<condition>𝄇𝄋...𝄌

For

There are two types of for

  • Increasing
    • Fmaj<starting_value>[♯ inc_value][𝄪 stop_value (0 by default)][𝄓param_name]𝄋...𝄌
  • Decreasing
    • Fmin<starting_value>[♭ dec_value][𝄫 stop_value (0 by default)][𝄓param_name]𝄋...𝄌
  • param_name is the name of the for's variable, defaults to be named i.
  • starting_value is the value of param_name at the start.
  • inc_value is the value param_name is increasing each iteration of Fmaj only, defaults to 1.
  • dec_value is the value param_name is decreasing each iteration of Fmin only, defaults to 1.
  • stop_value is the value of param_name where the loops breaks if met the following condition:
    • When Fmaj param_name < stop_value
    • When Fmin param_name >= stop_value

Arrays

Declaration

Array is a collection of the same types: riff <type>[size=1] Where type can be any type including array. In that case you can have riff riff <base_type>[row=1][col=1] and onwords for 3D, 4D and so on arrays.

The default value of an item inside an array is the default of the type unless said diffrently via the = sign whe creating an array, for example: riff degree[2] x = 3 will create an array of ints, size 2, when the default value is 3. riff riff degree[3][2] y = -1 will create a 2D array of ints, 3 by 2 where each item is -1. riff riff degree[3][2] z = x will create a 2D array of ints, 3 by 2 where each row is a copy of x.

If there isn't a default value, it uses the type's default value.

note: the default value can be either the base type or an array 1 dimantion lower then the declered type.

Access

<array_var><[index]> will give the array's item at index's position (0 based).

The index may be negative, -1 is the last position, -2 second to last and so on.

Slicing

<array_var><[<start_index>:[stop_index][:][step_size]]> will give back array with the same type having any item from start_index until stop_index jumping step_size each time.

  • stop_index defaults to -1
  • step_size defaults to 1

For example:

arr[0::] is all the array
arr[-1:-5:-1] is reversed array until 6th index from last

Operations

Each primitive type can do:

  • +, +=
  • -, -=
  • *, *=
  • /, /=
  • %, %=

A string can do: +, +=

Unary operations

C♭ C++
x♭ x--
x♯ x++
x𝄫 x -= 2
x𝄪 x += 2
x♮ x = 0
!x !x
  • ♭, ♯, 𝄫, 𝄪 and ♮ can be done only after the variable.
  • 𝄫, 𝄪 and ♮ cannot be inside an expression.
  • ! can be done only before the variable.

Relation and Equation operators

Each primitive can do: >, >=, <, <=. Every variable has == and !=.

Functions

Signiture

song [©𝄕func_name1, func_name2,...𝄇] <func_name>𝄕[arg1_type arg1_name], ...𝄇 [𝅘𝅥=return_type]

  • Copyrighted functions are functions names that can be used in this function body.
  • Return type is fermata by default.
  • No need to (and can't) copyright constructor and methodes of a class.

Body

  • Each line in a function's body must start with 𝄞 and end with 𝄀.
  • The last line of a function is ended with 𝄂 instead of 𝄀.
  • For an empty line you must use 𝄽

Return

B[𝄍return_value], by default return value is fermata.

Classes

Class Signiture

instrument <name> [: <parent_name>]𝄋...𝄌 𝄀

  • All classes are inheriting from Object

Note: each decleration of an attribute[1] must end with 𝄀.

Bigger Note: The variables are ALWAYS passes/returned by value.

Access Types

C♭ C++
player score private
conductor score public
section score protected
  • player score makes the following attribute[1] unreachable for outside use and inheriting classes.
  • conductor score makes the following attribute[1] reachable for outside use and inheriting classes.
  • section score makes the following attribute[1] unreachable for outside use but reachble inheriting classes.

Fields

<access_type> <type> <name> [= <default_value>]

Virtual Types

C♭ C++
motif virtual
variation override
rest pure virtual[2]

Methodes

<access_type> [virtual_type] song [©𝄕func_name1, func_name2,...𝄇] <func_name>𝄕[arg1_type arg1_name], ...𝄇 [𝅘𝅥=return_type]

  • virtual_type is none in default, meaning a regular methode.

Constructors

<access_type> combining up bow [3] <class_name>𝄕[arg1_type arg1_name], ...𝄇 [𝄍bass𝄕[base_arg1_name], ...𝄇]

  • bass is the parent constructor
  • bass is the empty constructor by default
  • If there isn't an empty constructor, it creates it and puts the variables default value. There will be always an empty constructor

Static

Using the unison keyword before a field's type or a methode's virtual type makes the field/methode static.

  • A static field is sheared with all the instances of the object.
  • A static methode cant use field/methodes from that class.

Usages Of Classes

Creating an instance

There are two ways to create an instance

  1. <class_name1> <name> [ combining up bow[3] <class_name2>𝄕[arg1_name], ...𝄇].
  2. combining up bow[3] <class_name> <name>𝄕[arg1_name], ...𝄇.

note: In the first way class_name2 must inherite or be class_name1.

Geting a non static field/methode

  • Field: <var_name>𝄍<field>
  • Methode: <var_name>𝄍<methode>𝄕[base_arg1_name], ...𝄇

Geting a static field/methode

  • Field: <class_name>𝄍<field>
  • Methode: <class_name>𝄍<methode>𝄕[base_arg1_name], ...𝄇

Other

toString𝄕𝄇

Each variable can do this operation thats turns it into a string, its also automatically called when adding a var to a string type.

You can call that function via: 𝄍toString𝄕𝄇

duration and sub duration (length)

Can be done only on array types. Usage: [sub ]duration𝄕<array_var>𝄇

  • duration is the size of the array (size 5 means array have five items, index are from 0 to 4)
  • sub duration is the negative size of the array (size -6 means array have five items, index are from -1 to -5)

Timbre (is)

timbre <type> will return true if var is type or inheriting it.

For this example AA inherits from BB and:

AA a = combining up bow[3] AA𝄕𝄇

BB b1 = combining up bow[3] AA𝄕𝄇

BB b2 = combining up bow[3] BB𝄕𝄇


  • a timbre AA is true
  • b1 timbre AA is true
  • b2 timbre AA is false

transcribe (cast)

transcribe𝆒<type>𝆓𝄕<expr>𝄇

This will cast expr to type. For example AA inherits from BB and:

AA a = combining up bow[3] AA𝄕𝄇

BB b1 = combining up bow[3] AA𝄕𝄇

BB b2 = combining up bow[3] BB𝄕𝄇

  • transcribe𝆒<AA>𝆓𝄕a𝄇 will compile and run.
  • transcribe𝆒<BB>𝆓𝄕a𝄇 will compile and run.
  • transcribe𝆒<degree>𝆓𝄕a𝄇 won't compile.
  • transcribe𝆒<AA>𝆓𝄕b1𝄇 will compile and run.
  • transcribe𝆒<AA>𝆓𝄕b2𝄇 will compile but will crush while running.

Feat. (Include)

To include a file use: feat. "<path>"𝄀`

  • `<path>` is to the desired `cb` file.
  • `<path>` is relative to the main `cb` file's directionary.

Break

To break from a Case, While or For use pause.

Continue

To continue a While or For use resume.

Comments

𝄢 [comment] for a single line comment.

𝄢𝄩 [comment] 𝄩𝄢 for multi line comments.

Transposer

Set up

Install g++ and make it a gloabal

Download the vertion compatible to your OS in Releases

Save it, we recommend as Transposer.exe

Usage

Open the exact location of the exe file or set the exe at global varible like the g++ tutorial, then open the CMD/Terminal etc.

Write: Transposer.exe <path_to_the_main_cb_file> <mode> <output_main_path.cpp>

Mode Usage
T translate to cpp
C T + calling g++
R C + running the output exe file

The output exe file is: output_main_path.exe

Composer

Set up

Download the vertion compatible to your OS in Releases

GUI

When opening up the Composer at the left side a side bar appears

side bar

You can open a file or folder, set up the destination and save the current file.

In addition you can Translate, Compile and Run the your code.

opening files

At the bottom, any files that are in the folder you opened will appear, click them and they will open up in the code editor.

editor

At the top-right corner there is a setting button, plus button, LSP button and a path

The path is the transposer, you must set it up before T/C/R. To set it up click the settings button.

The LSP button is to toggle on/of realtime errors, blue means on.

The realtime errors may take up a lot of RAM.

To create a new file click the plus button, then Save (Ctrl+S) to save and to name it.

tabs

On the top left there will be the tabs. Click the x button to close it. Click any tabs to view it.

Composer Shortcuts

Shortcut / Key Action / Resulting Symbol
Ctrl + / Toggle Comment
Ctrl + S Saves File
Ctrl + Num + Zoom In
Ctrl + Num - Zoom Out
Ctrl + T Transpiles
Ctrl + C Transpiles + Compiles
Ctrl + R Transpiles + Compiles + Runs
Ctrl + Z Undo
Ctrl + Y Redo
Ctrl + N New Window
Ctrl + W Close Window
Ctrl + F Find
Ctrl + H Replace
Ctrl + Tabs Switch Window

Charectars Shortcuts

Shortcut / Key Action / Resulting Symbol
Alt + ~ Inserts 𝄡
Alt + 0 Inserts ♮
Alt + C Inserts ©
Alt + / or Alt + Numpad / Inserts 𝄢𝄩𝄩𝄢
Alt + ; Inserts 𝄂
Alt + + or Alt + = Inserts 𝅘𝅥=
Alt + 3 Inserts 𝄪
Alt + B Inserts ♭
Alt + Shift + B Inserts 𝄫
Alt + \ Inserts 𝄓
Alt + , Inserts 𝆒
Alt + . Inserts 𝆓
{ (Shift+]) Automatically replaced with 𝄋
} (Shift+[) Automatically replaced with 𝄌
( (Shift+0) Automatically replaced with 𝄕
) (Shift+9) Automatically replaced with 𝄇
& (Shift+7) Automatically replaced with 𝄞
; Automatically replaced with 𝄀
~ (Shift + `) Automatically replaced with 𝄽
^ (Shift+6) Automatically replaced with combining up bow[3]
\ Automatically replaced with 𝄍
# (Shift+3) Automatically replaced with ♯
? Automatically replaced with 𝄢

Tranposer Set-Up Windows

This step is for running the Transposer solution, if you're running the exe itselft its not neccessery.

Clone this repository.

Install vcpkg directly under your C drive: 

cd C:\

# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg.git

# Run the bootstrap script
cd vcpkg; .\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat

When done, install the following dependencies: 

.\vcpkg install boost-regex:x64-windows

Tranposer Set-Up Linux

Boost regex and vcpkg usally are already in Linux, if not then google it.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 a field, a methode or a constructor.
  2. ↑ Making the class abstract and requiring derived classes to implement it or be abstact themself. Abstuct classes can't be created.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Graphemica: Combining Up Bow
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