Alan Turing
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Alan Mathison Turing was a mathematician, philosopher, cryptographer, and pioneering computer scientist. "Turing" is surely the most common name mentioned on this wiki: Alan Turing invented the Turing machine and with it brought to light the concept of Turing completeness. Nowadays he is credited as the 'father of modern computing' although most of his recognition was posthumous. Much of his research in the field was through his prominent position in Bletchley Park, the team that cracked the Enigma cypher during the second world war, and as such was classified until after the war. He wrote the Church-Turing thesis with Alonzo Church, and discovered the Halting problem. He committed suicide in 1954 at age 41 after prosecution for his sexual orientation, which was then considered a crime in the United Kingdom.