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[ 0 => '{{infobox proglang', 1 => '|name=Benedictum', 2 => '|paradigms=imperative', 3 => '|author=Bene (Beneking102)', 4 => '|year=[[:Category:2025|2025]]', 5 => '|memsys=[[:Category:Cell-based|Cell-based]]', 6 => '|dimensions=one-dimensional', 7 => '|class=[[:Category:Turing complete|Turing complete]]', 8 => '|majorimpl=[https://github.com/Beneking102/benedictum Reference implementation (C)]', 9 => '|influence=[[:Brainfuck]]', 10 => '|files=<code>.ben</code>', 11 => '}}', 12 => '', 13 => ''''Benedictum''' is a [[Turing complete]] [[esoteric programming language]] created by Bene in [[:Category:2025|2025]]. It is a [[Brainfuck]] derivative in which the eight standard instructions are replaced by Latin words, and six additional convenience commands are provided. Unlike most Brainfuck substitutions, Benedictum is not a [[trivial brainfuck substitution]] because its extended instruction set adds functionality beyond the original eight commands.', 14 => '', 15 => 'The name is Latin for "blessed" or "well spoken" (''bene dictum''), and the language is themed around the conceit that every program is a ''benediction'' — a prayer whispered to the machine. Because the tokenizer only recognises specific Latin keywords at word boundaries and silently ignores everything else, Benedictum source code can be written as flowing prose with instructions woven in.', 16 => '', 17 => '== Language overview ==', 18 => '', 19 => 'Benedictum operates on a tape of 30,000 unsigned 8-bit cells, each initially set to zero, with a pointer starting at cell 0. Cells wrap on overflow (255 + 1 = 0) and underflow (0 − 1 = 255).', 20 => '', 21 => '=== Core commands ===', 22 => '', 23 => 'The eight core commands map directly to [[Brainfuck]]:', 24 => '', 25 => '{| class="wikitable"', 26 => '! Command !! Latin meaning !! Brainfuck !! Description', 27 => '|-', 28 => '| <code>bene</code> || ''good'' || <code>+</code> || Increment the current cell', 29 => '|-', 30 => '| <code>male</code> || ''badly'' || <code>-</code> || Decrement the current cell', 31 => '|-', 32 => '| <code>dex</code> || ''right'' || <code>></code> || Move the tape pointer right', 33 => '|-', 34 => '| <code>sin</code> || ''left'' || <code><</code> || Move the tape pointer left', 35 => '|-', 36 => '| <code>dic</code> || ''speak'' || <code>.</code> || Output the current cell as an ASCII character', 37 => '|-', 38 => '| <code>audi</code> || ''listen'' || <code>,</code> || Read one byte from stdin into the current cell', 39 => '|-', 40 => '| <code>ora</code> || ''pray'' || <code>[</code> || Begin loop: skip to matching <code>amen</code> if cell is 0', 41 => '|-', 42 => '| <code>amen</code> || ''so be it'' || <code>]</code> || End loop: jump back to matching <code>ora</code> if cell is non-zero', 43 => '|}', 44 => '', 45 => '=== Extended commands ===', 46 => '', 47 => 'These commands go beyond standard Brainfuck:', 48 => '', 49 => '{| class="wikitable"', 50 => '! Command !! Latin meaning !! Description', 51 => '|-', 52 => '| <code>lux</code> || ''light'' || Print the current cell as a decimal number', 53 => '|-', 54 => '| <code>nox</code> || ''night'' || Print a newline character (ASCII 10)', 55 => '|-', 56 => '| <code>fatum</code> || ''fate'' || Set the current cell to a random value (0–255)', 57 => '|-', 58 => '| <code>requiem</code> || ''rest'' || Halt the program immediately', 59 => '|-', 60 => '| <code>sanctus</code> || ''holy'' || Zero the current cell (equivalent to <code>ora male amen</code>)', 61 => '|-', 62 => '| <code>numerus</code> || ''number'' || Read a decimal integer from stdin into the current cell', 63 => '|}', 64 => '', 65 => '== Comments and prose ==', 66 => '', 67 => 'Any text that is not a recognised command keyword at a word boundary is silently ignored. This means entire paragraphs of Latin (or English, or any language) can surround the instructions and serve as natural comments:', 68 => '', 69 => ' This is a prayer to the machine.', 70 => ' Let us begin with a blessing.', 71 => ' ', 72 => ' bene bene bene bene bene bene bene bene bene', 73 => ' ora dex bene bene bene bene bene bene bene sin male amen', 74 => ' ', 75 => ' The cell has been sanctified. Now speak.', 76 => ' ', 77 => ' dex dic', 78 => '', 79 => ''''Caveat:''' Some common English and Latin words are also Benedictum commands — <code>sin</code>, <code>male</code>, <code>amen</code>, <code>ora</code>, <code>fatum</code>, <code>lux</code>. If these appear in prose at a word boundary they will be tokenized as instructions. The interpreter provides a <code>--lex</code> flag to inspect what the tokenizer actually sees.', 80 => '', 81 => '== Computational class ==', 82 => '', 83 => 'The eight core commands are a direct mapping from Brainfuck, which is known to be [[Turing complete]]. Any Brainfuck program can be mechanically translated to Benedictum by substituting the commands. The six extended commands (<code>lux</code>, <code>nox</code>, <code>fatum</code>, <code>requiem</code>, <code>sanctus</code>, <code>numerus</code>) are convenience additions and do not affect the computational class.', 84 => '', 85 => '== Examples ==', 86 => '', 87 => '=== Hello, World! ===', 88 => '', 89 => ' bene bene bene bene bene bene bene bene', 90 => ' ora', 91 => ' dex bene bene bene bene', 92 => ' ora', 93 => ' dex bene bene', 94 => ' dex bene bene bene', 95 => ' dex bene bene bene', 96 => ' dex bene', 97 => ' sin sin sin sin male', 98 => ' amen', 99 => ' dex bene', 100 => ' dex bene', 101 => ' dex male', 102 => ' dex dex bene', 103 => ' ora sin amen', 104 => ' sin male', 105 => ' amen', 106 => ' ', 107 => ' dex dex dic', 108 => ' dex male male male dic', 109 => ' bene bene bene bene bene bene bene dic dic', 110 => ' bene bene bene dic', 111 => ' dex dex dic', 112 => ' sin male dic', 113 => ' sin dic', 114 => ' bene bene bene dic', 115 => ' male male male male male male dic', 116 => ' male male male male male male male male dic', 117 => ' dex dex bene dic', 118 => ' dex bene bene dic', 119 => '', 120 => '=== Cat ===', 121 => '', 122 => ' audi', 123 => ' ora', 124 => ' dic', 125 => ' audi', 126 => ' amen', 127 => '', 128 => '=== Dice roll (d6) ===', 129 => '', 130 => 'Uses the <code>fatum</code> extension to generate a random number, then reduces it modulo 6 and outputs the result as a digit:', 131 => '', 132 => ' fatum lux nox', 133 => '', 134 => '=== Truth-machine ===', 135 => '', 136 => 'Using extended commands for numeric I/O:', 137 => '', 138 => ' numerus', 139 => ' ora', 140 => ' lux', 141 => ' amen', 142 => ' lux', 143 => '', 144 => '== Interpreter flags ==', 145 => '', 146 => 'The reference implementation provides additional modes:', 147 => '', 148 => '{| class="wikitable"', 149 => '! Flag !! Description', 150 => '|-', 151 => '| <code>--gloria</code> || Verbose mode: dumps the full tape state after every instruction', 152 => '|-', 153 => '| <code>--lex</code> || Tokenize only: prints the parsed instruction list and exits', 154 => '|-', 155 => '| <code>--version</code> || Print version string', 156 => '|-', 157 => '| <code>--help</code> || Print usage information', 158 => '|}', 159 => '', 160 => '== Implementations ==', 161 => '', 162 => '* [https://github.com/Beneking102/benedictum Reference implementation in C] (also includes a Python interpreter)', 163 => '', 164 => '== Converting from Brainfuck ==', 165 => '', 166 => 'Any [[Brainfuck]] program can be directly translated:', 167 => '', 168 => '{| class="wikitable"', 169 => '! Brainfuck !! Benedictum', 170 => '|-', 171 => '| <code>+</code> || <code>bene</code>', 172 => '|-', 173 => '| <code>-</code> || <code>male</code>', 174 => '|-', 175 => '| <code>></code> || <code>dex</code>', 176 => '|-', 177 => '| <code><</code> || <code>sin</code>', 178 => '|-', 179 => '| <code>.</code> || <code>dic</code>', 180 => '|-', 181 => '| <code>,</code> || <code>audi</code>', 182 => '|-', 183 => '| <code>[</code> || <code>ora</code>', 184 => '|-', 185 => '| <code>]</code> || <code>amen</code>', 186 => '|}', 187 => '', 188 => '== External resources ==', 189 => '', 190 => '* [https://github.com/Beneking102/benedictum Benedictum on GitHub] — source code, interpreter, and example programs', 191 => '* [https://benedikt-pkr.info Author's portfolio]', 192 => '', 193 => '[[Category:Languages]]', 194 => '[[Category:Brainfuck derivatives]]', 195 => '[[Category:Cell-based]]', 196 => '[[Category:Implemented]]', 197 => '[[Category:Turing complete]]', 198 => '[[Category:2026]]', 199 => '[[Category:Pseudonatural]]' ]