LYaPAS

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Logical Language for the Representation of Synthesis Algorithms, or LYaPAS (ЛЯПАС), is a programming language that sprung out of 1964 Soviet Union. It is based on set-theoretical considerations oriented toward the programming of synthesis algorithms for finite-state and discrete devices. The language is self-extending and self-compiling with only a minimal translator written for the native machine environment.

Speciality keyboard mappings are highly recommended for entering in the many non-typical keyboard symbols found in the language.

Its use of octal numbers within the language specification is considered one of its interesting qualities.

LYaPAS-M is a further refinement of LYaPAS.

Operators

l-operators

First-level operators in the language.

Basic Computational Operators

Symbol Name Example
Disjunction Operator 01001101 ∨ 10011000 = 11011101
Conjunction Operator 01001101 ∧ 10011000 = 00001000
Exclusive Disjunction Operator 01000110 ⊕ 10001100 = 11001010
+ Addition Operator—Modulo 2p 01000110 + 10001100 = 11010010
- Subtraction Operator—Modulo 2p 01000110 - 10001100 = 1011101
× Multiplication Operator—Modulo 2p 01000110 × 10001100 = 01001000
×̅ Multiplication Operator with Round-Off 01000110 ×̄ 10001100 = 00100110
: Division Operator 00001101:00000101 = 00000011 (remainder), я = 00000010 (integer part of quotient)
Component-wise Inversion Operator 01001101 ┐ = 10110010
ɪ Order Inversion Operator 01001101 ɪ = 10110010
Leftmost 1 Position-Locating Operator 00010110 ⊢ = 00000011
By convention, 00000000 ⊢ = 10000000 ⊢ = 00000000
Normalization Operator 00010110 ⇤ = 10110000, 00000000 ⇤ 00000000
< Left-Shift Operator 01101010 < 00000100 = 10100000
> Right-Shift Operator 01101010 > 00000101 = 00000011
Cyclic-Shift Operator 01101010 ← 00100100 = 10100110
Weighting Operator 01101010 ▽ = 00000100 (number of ones)
Reflection Operator (Requires a more in-depth explanation.)

Assignment Operators

Symbol Name
Assignment Operator
Interchange Operator
Natural Assignment Operator
Positive Element-Incrementation Operator
▵̅ Negative Element-Incrementation Operator
Null-Value-Assignment Operator
○̅ Maximum-Value-Assignment Operator

Implicit Variable τ

Implicit variable τ is a symbol that never appears in the program. The current value of τ is the result of the the realization of the current operator.

Control-Transfer Operators

Symbol Name
Unconditional Transfer Operator
○→ Conditional Transfer-on-Zero Operator
Conditional Transfer-on-One Operator
Exit Operator
! Return Operator
Transfer-to-Machine-Language Operator
Enumeration-of-Ones Operator
Random-Enumeration-of-Ones Operator

Exchanging Information with External Medium Operators

Symbol Name
* Print-One-Element Operator
Punch-One-Element Operator
Input Operator
Data-Transfer-to-External-Complex Operator
Data-Transfer-from-External-Complex Operator

Other Operators

Symbol Name
. End-of-Algorithm Operator
Unlimited-Shift Operator

L-operators

Second-level operators in the language.

Example

genadj. Perform generalized adjunction (joining) of intervals of a set.

genadj ακ?, ßκ? /b, d/ (αß)
170 233 4ab)
abbαdc0 ┐⇒ b

Test for generalized adjunction of intervals Ia and Ib, formation of the interval Id—the result of the generalized adjunction—and setting of tags:

§1 △ ad ○ → 4αa ⊕ αbbaßa
⊕ ßbaa ⇤ ⊕ c0 ↦ 1αa
∨ αba ⇒ αdα ∧ ßba
c0 ⇒ ßd?c0 ∨ αa ⇒ αac0 ∨ αb
⇒ αbca

Test for presence of interval Id in Int:

§2 αc ⊕ αdb |→ 3ßc ⊕ ßdb
↦ 3c0 ∨ ßc ⇒ ßc ○̄ a
§3 △ cd ↦ 2a ↦ 1 △ d → 1
§4 ○̄ abd ↦ 1dbαbß

External resources